Gulu la pepala

Mapepala amatha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa kutengera magawo ambiri.

Kutengera giredi: Pepala lopangidwa koyamba kuchokera pamitengo yaiwisi yamatabwa amatchedwa aspepala lakudakapenapepala la virgin grade.Mapepala obwezerezedwansondi pepala analandira pambuyo reprocessing wa namwali pepala, zobwezerezedwanso zinyalala pepala lokha kapena kuphatikiza awo.

Kutengera kusalala ndi chithandizo choperekedwa kwa zamkati ndi pepala, zimagawidwa mokulira m'magulu awiri: Mapepala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza, kulemba zilembo, kulemba, mabuku ndi zina zambiri amapangidwa ndi zamkati zoyera ndipo amatchedwa ngatipepala labwino, ndipo mapepala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popakira zakudya zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zamkati zosayeretsedwa zimatchedwa ngatipepala lalikulu.

Malinga ndi Food Safety and Standard Authority of India (FSSAI), zida zonyamula za namwali zokha zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi chakudya mwachindunji (FSSR).2011).Mapepala oyika chakudya amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri otakata (1) kutengera zamkati kapena mankhwala apepala (2) potengera mawonekedwe ndi kuphatikiza kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana.Kuchiza kwa matabwa kumakhudza kwambiri mapepala ndi ntchito yake.Gawo lotsatira likufotokoza za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapepala otengera zamkati ndi mankhwala a mapepala komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito popanga zakudya.

corrugated fiberboard(CFB)

Zopangira za CFB makamaka ndi mapepala a kraft koma agave bagasse, zopangidwa kuchokera kumakampani a tequila zidagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga fibreboard (Iñiguez-Covarrubias et al.2001).Fibreboard yokhala ndi malata nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri kapena zingapo za pepala lathyathyathya la kraft (liner) ndi zigawo za malata (chitoliro) zomangika pakati pa zigawo zathyathyathya kuti zipereke mphamvu yopumira komanso kukana abrasion.Zinthu zonyezimira zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito corrugator yomwe imaphatikizira mapepala athyathyathya a kraft pakati pa zodzigudubuza ziwiri, zotsatiridwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zomatira kunsonga za corrugations ndipo liner imamatira kuzinthu zowonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza (Kirwan2005).Ngati ili ndi denga limodzi lokha, ndiye khoma limodzi;ngati ali ndi mzere kumbali zonse ziwiri kuposa ply atatu kapena awiri nkhope ndi zina zotero.Malinga ndi mitundu ya zitoliro ya Bureau of Indian Standards (IS 2771(1) 1990), A (Broad), B (Yopapatiza), C (Medium) ndi E (Micro) anali atafotokozedwa.Mtundu wa zitoliro umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zotsamira ndizofunika kwambiri, mtundu wa B ndi wamphamvu kuposa A ndi C, C ndi kusagwirizana kwa katundu pakati pa A ndi B ndi E ndi wosavuta kupindika ndi kusindikizidwa bwino kwambiri (IS:SP-7 NBC2016).Kupaka zakudya kumagwiritsa ntchito magawo makumi atatu ndi awiri mwa magawo atatu aliwonse omwe ali ndi malata m'maiko aku Europe ndi makumi anayi pa 100 ngati gawo lopaka chakumwa likuphatikizidwanso (Kirwan2005).Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji kukhudzana chakudya pamwamba makamaka zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, kumene onse giredi zinyalala mapepala angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mkati zigawo koma chodziwika chofunika pa mlingo wa pentachlorophenol (PCP), phthalate ndi benzophenone anayenera kukwaniritsidwa.

Makatoni a CFB opezeka mchipindacho nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati makapu angapo a yogati a polystyrene.Nyama, nsomba, pizza, ma burgers, chakudya chofulumira, mkate, nkhuku ndi zokazinga za ku France zitha kupakidwa mu fiberboards (Begley et al.2005).Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zithanso kulongedzedwa kuti zizitumizidwa kumisika tsiku lililonse.